Lenses remembering the basics of mirrors puts you half ways towards fully understanding lenses as well. Magnification of a lens system, helmholtz lagranges magnification formula some. Characteristics of light light waves are electromagnetic waves, whose nature is transverse. Pdf optical images due to lenses and mirrors researchgate.
List of limitations and improvements of physics lab. Principles and problems laboratory manual 5 convex and concave lenses a convex, or converging, lens is thicker in the middle than at the edges. The cornea and lens form a system that, to a good approximation, acts as a single thin lens. This is possible only when you have the best cbse class 12 physics study material and a smart preparation plan. State the law of reflection and show with appropriate drawings how it applies to light rays at plane and spherical surfaces. If the focal length is in metres, this gives the optical power in dioptres inverse metres. The distance between successive wave fronts is the wavelength. The areas of nuclear and particle physics are emphasized as revolutionary developments have taken place both on the experimental and theoretical fronts in recent years. To a good approximation, the overall magnification is equal to the ratio of the focal lengths. A simple lens consists of a single piece of transparent material while compound lenses consist of several simple lenses arranged along with a common axis. Instructors are permitted to make and distribute copies for their classes.
Notes for class 10 science physics chapter 10 light reflection and refraction download in pdf. Lenses in optics applications types of lenses physics. A 5cmlong mascara brush is held upright 20 cm from the mirror. Record the new position of the lens d2 4 focal length of convex lens b11. While in physics lessons, you have to finish assignments with. To learn the quantitative use of the lens equation, as well as how to determine qualitative properties of solutions. Lens curvature, width, position, type of glass some can be fixed, other vary with focal length, focus e. The object distance is the distance along the axis of the lens to. It is proven in introductory physics textbooks1 that the image and. Some examples of using the thin lens equation with multiple lenses. With a converging lens, paraxial rays that are parallel to the principal axis converge to the focal point, f. Candidates who are ambitious to qualify the class 12 with good score can check this article for notes. Should that not be a minus sign on the left hand side. Lenses have the same focal length when light travels from the back to the front as when light goes from the front to the back.
In working with lenses, there are three important quantities to consider. Keep in mind that for an object to be considered a lens it must be made of a transparent material. Two readings of d and l not enoughonly two readings too few readings. Lenses science and mathematics education research group supported by ubc teaching and learning enhancement fund 201220 department of curriculum and pedagogy a place of mind f a c u l t y o f e d u c a t i o n. As the wave propagates, let us assume in the positive x direction, any point on the wave pattern is. The first lens the objective has a magnification smaller than one, so the second lens the eyepiece must magnify by a larger factor than the first lens reduces by. Real image the image which can be obtained on a screen is called a real image.
The reciprocal of the focal length, 1 f, is the optical power of the lens. Physics optics problems science and mathematics education research group supported by ubc teaching and learning enhancement fund 20122015. A lens which is thinner in the centerthan the edges is. The same sort of rules apply, just with a few modifications. Our physics lessons adopt flippped classroom teaching strategy. A light bulb is 60 cm from a concave mirror with a focal length of 40 cm. Use the lensmakers equation to determine the focal length of a thin lens. In this section, we will use the law of refraction to explore the properties of lenses and how they form images. Free download of the 5 pdf volumes of the motion mountain physics textbook.
This website and its content is subject to our terms and conditions. For physics, you have to learn at home through watching videos prepared by your physics teacher. An object between the focal point and the lens produces a virtual image located between the lens and infinity. Cbse notes class 12 physics ray optics aglasem schools. Physics notes for class 12 chapter 9 ray optics and.
Qualitative and quantitative questions about image formation by lenses. Explore the difference between converging and diverging lenses and determine their focal lengths. As the wave propagates, let us assume in the positive x direction, any point on the wave pattern is displaced by dx in a time dt see figure 1. Light reflection and refraction notes for class 10. Use ray tracing to determine the location of the image. Both convex and concave mirrors can create real images.
Photometry is a branch measurement of light energy. A converging lens is a lens that converges rays of light that are traveling parallel to its principal axis. A lens is a transmissive optical device that focuses or disperses light beams by means of refraction. The magnification of a compound lens is given by the product of the magnification of each individual lens. Enjoy an entertaining and free pdf book on physics, the science of motion. Class 12 maths ncert solutions chemistry biology physics pdf.
Lenses lenses refract light in such a way that an image of the light source is formed. View lab report lenses virtual lab geometric optics. The physics classroom grants teachers and other users the right to print this pdf document and to download this pdf document for private use. Class 12 physics ray optics get here the notes for class 12 physics ray optics.
Which lens magnified the object and which made it look smaller. Introduction as you are about to make your decision of what elective subjects to study in the next three years, the physics teacher is going to provide you a solid experience of what physics lessons will be in our school. Fundamentals of photonics 74 objectives when you finish this module you will be able to. Lab manual lenses virtual lab using phet geometric optics irina golub january 30, 2017 read. Lenses lenses are made of transparentmaterials, like glass or plastic. Go to phet simulations to play with sims to physics to light and radiation to geometric optics phet simulation geometric optics 2. This manual, along with the others in the electromechanical technology series, is the result of six years of research and development by terc, a national nonprofit, public service corporation with headquarters in cambridge, massachusetts. Well consider the simple case of a sine wave in 1 dimension, as shown in figure 1. For clear vision, a real image must be projected onto the lightsensitive retina, which lies at a fixed distance from the lens. It is a lens which is thicker at the centre and thinner at the edges. Determine the focal length of a diverging lens using the lensmakers equation. A magnifying glass is just a doubleconvex lens in thinlens speak, its a.
The lens of the eye adjusts its power to produce an. Unified physics optics electromechanical technology. Depending on the object distance, the image will be found somewhere between the focal point and infinity. Lenses are found in a huge array of optical instruments, ranging from a simple magnifying glass to the eye to a cameras zoom lens. Converging and diverging lenses 6 2275 speedway, mail code c9000 austin, tx 78712 512 4715847 i.
The pdf file below accompanies the refraction interactive. Using the lenses in front of you, look at different objects in the laboratory and record your observation. In a cinema hall, we see the images of actors and actress on the screen. Each of a lens two faces is part of asphere and can be convex or concave if a lens is thicker at the center than theedges, it is a convex, or converging, lenssince parallel rays will be converged tomeet at the focus. Liquid lens uma maheshwary xiib 1 uma maheshwary 2 acknowledgement i would like to express my special thanks of gratitude. In other subjects, you learn in lessons and do homework at home.
Continue to move the lens away from the lamp housing until a sharp image is formed on screen again. The application of the thin lens equation and the magni. Physics notes for class 12 chapter 9 ray optics and optical instruments light light is a form of energy eyes. No book on problems can claim to exhaust the variety in the limited space. Tes global ltd is registered in england company no 02017289 with its registered office. Mishra university of california, santa barbara, ca, usa and jasprit singh the university of michigan, ann arbor, mi, usa by. An attempt is made to include the important types of problems at the. Experimentally measure the image distance and con firm the thin lens equation. Black art of massaging the merit function optimize for all image. Look at the lenses in front of you and try to distinguish the different types of lenses. Black art of massaging the merit function optimize for all image locations all wavelengths all apertures. List of limitations and improvements of physics lab experiments 1.
So, the images formed on a cinema screen is an example of real images. Phy 112l activity 10 university of southern mississippi. Converging lenses can be identified by their shape. Catalogue record for this book is available from the library of congress. Lens aberrations fundamentals optical engineering prof. Optics is an exciting area of study, but as with most areas of physics it requires a variety of mathematical tools to be fully appreciated.
Pdf on nov 25, 2014, deborah sand and others published lenses find, read. When light is incident on the lens at an angle, this will bend the light due to refraction. A lens can focus light to form an image, unlike a prism, which refracts light without focusing. Solving problems involving thin lenses and images smu.